Risk Factors Associated With Teen Violence

Risk Factors Associated With Teen Violence Theories Behavioral Psychology Print Risk Factors Associated With Teen Violence By Amy Morin, LCSW facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our editorial policy Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on May 12, 2019 Duncan Walker/E/Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Unfortunately, on any given day in cities around the world, you’re likely to find at least one story in the news about a teen behaving violently. Whether its a gang fight or a violent act against a stranger, the reasons behind the violence vary.   Quite often, there are a variety of factors that come together to increase the likelihood that a teen will become violent.   Individual Risk Factors Teens with low IQ, cognitive deficits, or learning disorders are more likely to behave violently. Attention deficit and hyperactivity are also risk factors.A history of abuse and a history of aggressive behavior increase a teen’s risk of behaving violently.Mental health issues and emotional distress play a role in violent behavior. But its important to note that most teens with mental illness do not become violent.Antisocial beliefs and involvement in illegal activityâ€"such as using drugs and alcoholâ€"also increase the chances a teen will become physically aggressive.Historically, males are more likely to engage in physical altercations. However, in recent years, violence perpetrated by females is on the rise. How Mental Illness Often Develops in Adolescence Educational Risk Factors Statistics show that urban schools are twice as likely to report violent crime compared to rural schools.About one-third of schools with over 1,000 students report at least one violent crime annually while less than one-tenth of smaller schools report acts of violence.School departments who report gang and drug activity have higher rates of violence.Students who perform poorly during elementary school are at an increased risk for violent behavior during high school.Teens who drop out of school prior to the age of 15 are more likely to commit acts of violence. Community Risk Factors Communities with substandard housing and economic decline can contribute to teens feeling like society does not care about them and sometimes they express their anger through violence.High transient rates and low community involvement also contribute to a lack of sense of belonging for teens and can lead to increased crime and violence. When teens witness violence in their neighborhoods  or they become victims of violent crimes, they’re much more likely to become offenders. Family Risk Factors Inconsistent discipline, including overly harsh and overly permissive discipline, can cause teens to act out. A lack of supervision also gives teens opportunities to join gangs, use drugs, and engage in antisocial behavior.A lack of emotional attachment to parents or caregivers increases the likelihood that teens will disregard authority.Untreated parental mental illness contributes to unstable home life and the parent-teen relationship which can increase a teen’s risk of aggression.Parents with a lower income and less education are more likely to have teens who engage in violent behavior. Parents who abuse drugs or alcohol also increase a teen’s risk of behaving violently.Childhood abuse and neglect increase  the chances that a teen will commit a violent crime by 38%.Stressful family environments, such as a lack of a father in the home, conflict in the home, or parental role modeling of inappropriate behavior contribute to a teen’s sense of worthlessness which can lead to viol ent behavior. Social Risk Factors When teens have easy access to guns, they are more likely to engage in violence. Guns also increase the chances that violent acts will be fatal.Associating with delinquent peers can increase a teen’s risk of becoming involved in illegal and violent activity.Low involvement in structured activities, like clubs or sports, can play a role in violent behavior.Media portrayals of illegal behavior can desensitize teens to violence. News coverage can lead to teens to feel afraid for their safety, which can encourage them to carry weapons.   Getting Help for a Violent Teen If you see signs of violence, its important to seek immediate help for your teen. Even milder acts of aggression, such as hitting a younger sibling or destroying property on purpose, shouldnt be ignored. Violence can get worse over time if left unaddressed. Talk to your teens doctor if you have concerns. Your teens doctor may recommend treatment with a mental health professional. Treating the behavior now can reduce the chances a troubled teen will become a violent adult.

What Are the Purpose of Endnotes and How to Use Them

An endnote is a reference, explanation, or comment placed at the end of an article, research paper, chapter, or book.  Like footnotes  (which are used in this article), endnotes serve two main purposes in a research paper: (1) They acknowledge the source of a quotation, paraphrase, or  summary; and (2) They provide explanatory comments that would interrupt the flow of the main  text. Endnotes vs. Footnotes Your department may specify whether you should use footnotes or endnotes, especially for a thesis or  dissertation. If not, you should generally choose footnotes, which are easier to read. Endnotes force readers to flip to the back to check every citation. On the other hand, choose endnotes when your footnotes are so long or numerous that they take up too much space on the page, making your report unattractive and difficult to read. Also, endnotes better accommodate  tables, quoted poetry, and other matter that requires special typography. (Turabian, Kate L.  A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 7th ed., University of Chicago Press, 2007.) Readers of academic and scholarly books usually prefer footnotes to endnotes because the former allows them to skim the notes without losing their place in the text. Popular wisdom, however, says that nonscholarly readers are either reluctant or unwilling to purchase a nonfiction trade book whose feet are hemmed with ribbons of tiny type; thus most trade books place (the shop term is bury) the notes containing sources and references at the back of the book. (Einsohn,  Amy. The Copyeditors Handbook,  University of California Press, 2006.) Endnote Conventions An author or title mentioned in the text need not be repeated in the footnote  citation, though it is often helpful to do so. In an endnote, however, the author (or at least the authors last name) and title should be repeated, since at least some readers may have forgotten whether the note number was 93 or 94 by the time they find it at the back of a work. Such frustration can be prevented by the devices illustrated in the examples below. 34. This and the preceding four quotations are all from  Hamlet, act 1, sc. 4.87. Barbara Wallraff,  Word Court  (New York: Harcourt, 2000), 34. Further citations to this work are given in the text.​ (​The Chicago Manual of Style,  University of Chicago Press, 2003.) Endnote Numbering Endnotes are numbered consecutively throughout a chapter or article, with each new chapter or section starting over with endnote 1. The notes section at the back is then broken down by chapter or section, with the corresponding endnote numbers listed underneath. Place endnote numbers within the text in superscript type (small typeset above the line). In the notes section, use the same number to identify the endnote with the number in the text. (Robbins, Lara M.  Grammar, and Style at Your Fingertips,  Alpha, 2007.) Sample Endnotes From Pennebakers The Secret Life of Pronouns Chapter 2: Ignoring the Content, Celebrating the Style19. The drawing is from the Thematic Apperception Test by Henry A. Murray, Card 12F, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.20. Throughout this book, I include quotations from people who have been in my studies or classes, from text on the Internet, or even from conversations or e-mails from friends or family members. In all cases, all identifying information has been removed or altered.22. In this book, the terms style, function, and stealth words are used interchangeably. They have many other names as well —  junk words, particles, and closed-class words. Linguists tend to disagree about the precise definitions of each of these overlapping terms. (Pennebaker, James W.  The Secret Life of Pronouns: What Our Words Say About Us,  Bloomsbury Press, 2011.)

Why Capital Punishment Should Be Reinstated in Australia

Australian society has ultimately rejected the idea of the practice of capital punishment making a return into the Australian law books. However, events such as the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and the Bali bombings have ensured that the spotlight once again shines on the controversial subject. I am in favour of the practice returning to Australia for heinous crimes such as murder, child molestation, serial rapists, and people who commit acts of animal cruelty. This is because: †¢ The death penalty deters crime †¢ The victim or those close to the victim deserve justice and will receive closure †¢ It’s far more economical to execute prisoners locked away †¢ DNA testing reduces the risks of mistakes being made †¢ The death penalty†¦show more content†¦I acknowledge that the occasional execution of an innocent person is a tragic event, and the answer is not to dismantle the system, but to exercise even more care in its application. My fifth and final point is that the death penalty doesn’t violate the right to life. Once you commit a serious crime such as murder, rape or child molestation, you destroy many lives and the damage can be irreparable! Through the destruction of another person’s right to life, you forfeit the right you held to your own life. We cannot condone the fact that grandmothers such as 78-year-old Josephine Cesnik was beaten and threatened in her own home earlier this year. Mrs. Cesnik died nine days later, afraid of seeking help because she feared her attacker would return and kill her. We cannot condone the fact that eight-year-old Sofia Rodriguez Urrutia-Shu was raped and murdered in a Perth public toilet in June 2006. Mrs. Cesnik’s family was robbed of a loving grandmother, while the Urrutia-Shu family lost a sweet, quiet little girl. These cowards have completely shattered many lives, while the both the Howard and Rudd governments have the audacity and hypocrisy to allow 6 members of the Bali Nine to be executed by firing squad overseas! A twisted life allowed to continue cannot redeem the innocent life taken, nor can it repair the lives destroyed. Bibliography †¢Show MoreRelated Death Penalty Essay1171 Words   |  5 Pages Death Penalty The death penalty, outlawed in most of Europe, Canada, Australia and most other countries in the world, is still practiced in almost 40 states in the U.S. Today, there are more than 3,000 people on death row waiting the day of their execution. They are put to death by methods such as hanging, electrocution, lethal injection and by firing squad. Since the death penalty was reinstated bye the supreme court in 1976, by the Gregg v. Georgia decision, more than 525 people have been putRead MoreCapital Punishment1276 Words   |  6 PagesOutline I. Religious Views a. Hinduism b. Jainism c. 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Beyond Beyond Fashion Free Essays

There is a trick of my writing teacher: When we finish reading an essay, first he asks: â€Å"What is it about? † We answer, then he asks:† If that’s not what the essay is about, then what is it about? † So we answer again, striving to squeeze out every drop of intelligence out of our brain cells. Repetitively, after we are willingly tortured by this same question for three more rounds, the essence of the essay shows up. This was exactly the same feeling I received from the exhibition Charles James: Beyond Fashion, displayed by the Costume Institution of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. We will write a custom essay sample on Beyond Beyond Fashion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout the exhibition, I was asked this question over and over again: If fashion is not what the exhibition about, then what? Started from Maya and lasting until August 10, the special exhibition of Costume Institute of Metropolitan Museum presents the audience signature pieces of Charles James, an Anglo fashion designer who was active during the post-WWW 20th century in America. The exhibition is held in the special exhibition galleries on the Museum’s first floor and The Costume Institute’s Anna Winter Costume Center on the ground floor, including one small adjunct hall showing documents. Fifteen evening ball gowns and about fifty ready-to- wears are displayed. With intricate costumes, James first of all stood out as a king of fabric sculptor without crown beyond the simple definition of a fashion designer who made clothes that fit in the trend. The costumes were indeed â€Å"amazing†Ã¢â‚¬â€- quoting the most commonly used word of the visitors. James’ original spiral cut, almost seamless design and the free draping technique are still not nearly comparable in the present day. They were not Just fashion, but sculptures that go around human body with full artistry and could stand the test of pure aesthetic examination. However, if the costumes were examined even beyond their tags of â€Å"fashion† and beyond their sculptural appearances, the intention of these designs was actually in some degree provoking, if we examine the quotes of James that were written on the walls of the halls. A quote of James revealed that his ideal of fashion was largely sexual. â€Å"The feminine figure,† he believed, was â€Å"intrinsically wrong†. Thereby he claimed, â€Å"All my seams have meaning, they emphasize something about the body. † In this way, he striver to â€Å"perfect† the female body, however destroying the natural beauty of female odd at the same time. As a result, the innate motive beyond the fashion appearance of these designs was sexism aesthetics of the traditional malpractice, which should have been eliminated a long time ago. James’ fastidious and male-centric aesthetic of female figure beyond his ability as an artist was further revealed by details in his designs. In the actual practice, James overemphasized the female parts. First, the tops gather into sharp and pointing horn. This design was made possible by darts of the gowns’ tops following the traditional Rococo corset, which once made the teenage arils and young wives’ waistlines tiny but at the same time cruelly took away many of their lives. At the same time, the bottoms of gowns spread widely. Either the gowns had big volume of piled-up drapes on the hip, or they were supported directly by two bustles, which was also a typical classic masculine aesthetic that addressed female’s ability of bearing kids. Overall, James’ costumes remade a women’s body into a funnel shape. In addition, the bosoms were preferably shaped as cones, which presented women lasciviously. Even in the Victorian times, this male-dominant esthetics was giggly controversial for these characteristics defined females simply attractive in the way of a reproduction and bearing machine. In the post World War II America, after the liberation of female body brought by the ‘H’ dresses, this Victorian renaissance was a recess that brought female back into the prison of clothes. Rather, in today’s aspect, these aesthetics of female body are morbid. For females, it is the blood and tears in females’ costume history. These characteristics, as â€Å"beautiful† as some might consider, are dross of the Victorian culture that should never be reused to improve he figure or even hinted in a modern design. I have to say, peeking into the motive of the designer, I saw an egocentric though man who are arrogant in the way he examining females. Finally, the end of the exhibition explored what truly was beyond this fashion designer Charles James explored even deeper. Beyond a fashion godfather, a king of fabric sculpturing, and a self-involved and orthodox masculine artiest, the documentary hall showed James as a person. Traditional mannequins and sketches were shown. While at the meantime, the document room also showed he videos clips of James kissing his finale model on her cheek before going on the runway, and an important list of celebrities and artists typed by James that James would like to design for. The tone of the list was playful, ironic and effusive. There were as well glowing critics, basically eulogies. In this room, though most people do not linger in it, the most interesting information what the artist was available, and it gave anyone who wanted to look deeper into the motive and inspiration of him a lucid answer: genially eccentric, Charles James’ boldness and arrogance toward there led to his unceasing pursuit of perfection and the exploration of impossibility, which explained his surprising designs and the elaborate way of fabricating the costumes. As an exhibition of the Metropolitan museum, there were some commendable displaying methods in this exhibition indeed. The exhibition started with a theatrical opening. At the entrance, the world darkened down, and with the wall showing the name of the exhibition and a classic walking mannequin (a woman-shape body model) of James, the bright outer world and the dark inside world were clearly vided. There was as if a magical twilight moment, indicating the arrival of something brilliant in the darkness. After the prologue, I was almost brought into Sesame’s studio on 699 Madison Street by muslin samples of his gowns posing around his famous â€Å"butterfly’ sofa, recreating the scene of the studio and the salon of James. Inside the hall, the gowns were arranged in a spiral shape, going around his best- known masterpiece: Clover Leaf Ball Gown 1953. The x-ray analysis as well as the animation simulator explained the inner structure of the clothes by showing the involutes plastic bones and complicated drapes in the layers of fabric. The application of new technology treated fashion so scientifically —-as if a real piece of architecture—-that it gave even the most general audience a chance to think about the materialist word â€Å"fashion† in a whole new way. On the pads that showed the information of exhibits, a few hints about this sexual intentions of James’ designs by showing the costumes of inspiration from the Victorian time, without explaining the underlying meaning of the original design. Though implicit about the word â€Å"sexual†, Hess pictures purposefully gave the audience a clue to the intention but still left them room to think that what was truly beyond fashion beside the artsy structure, allowing their own interpretation. Deliberately, the exposition of the clothes revealed the museum’s respect to the master James, for his elaborate effort paid beneath the fabric. Furthermore, the exhibition’s respect was also to the audience, as the museum brought fashion back to the ground, accessible to a general audience, while it respect the individual thinking by leading the audience to think about what was truly beyond cushion instead of giving out a definite answer. Still, compare to the art value of the exhibits, the display of the exhibition was fairly not a highlight. The lighting in the main halls was a disaster. Firstly, the semi-dark lighting environment in the black hall was a click. Comparing to other costume exhibitions at the Met Museum, this technique was so widely used that this trick did not tell anything about the artist. It was even anti-characteristic. James had a preference for dark colors. However, the semi darkness created a hostile environment for the audience to see the details. Especially since flash was not allowed, without a professional camera, I could not capture any details of the dark coats and gowns beside their silhouettes. And since the photos could not be used as long-term documents, the educational function of the museum in this aspect was largely sacrificed. Additionally, the semi-darkness also brought a sense of heaviness to the costumes. To illustrate, one of the best-known gown called â€Å"Swan† was named for the lightness of the peplum, which was composed of six layers of delicate chiffon. Nonetheless, with the lighting, I did not see the eighteens at all because the semi-dark casting light could not go through and light up the costume like natural light. Therefore, what I saw was an impenetrable broom instead of the airy dress, which was not influenced by gravity. Overall, the display was mismatched with the costumes, even though there were few novel techniques applied. The masterpieces were as if sunk in a Jar platitude. The title Beyond Fashion made me feel confused and enthralled when I first stepped in that dark hall, yet I felt illuminated and preoccupied when I stepped back to the bright outer world. The exhibition successfully pushed one to think about the essence beyond appearance by presenting the costumes in different layers and angles. An audience could feel the question of what was beyond fashion throughout the exhibition. The magic would not happen until the very end, where one could confidently give out his/her own answer, like the answer to fifth round of questioning of my writing teacher. As for me, beyond fashion, beyond structure, beyond male chauvinism and beyond all his drama, I saw an aloof, fastidious, nostalgic, self- involved, narcissistic yet incredibly serious and genius about fashion soul of this master, this man. How to cite Beyond Beyond Fashion, Papers

Capital Structure and Global Diversification

Question: Discuss about the Capital Structure and Global Diversification. Answer: Introduction: Financial leverage tends to be at higher side when business organization borrows huge long term funds from outside stakeholders as compared to their internal funds. Financial leverage or capital gearing denotes use of debt in the business operations. In this case, Facebook Inc and Linked In have been used for the analysis of implication on EPS of higher debt taken. High leverage shows higher amount of debt is obtained for business operations and it also denotes higher interest expenses (Salama and Putnam, 2015). When EBIT is at higher side then EAT will also be at higher side and vice-versa. In this case, both companies has financial leverage and both are geared companies, Facebook Inc has negative EBIT. Degree of financial leverage measures change in EPS when there is increase or decrease in earnings before interest and tax. Three elements of degree of financial leverage are outstanding shares, interest expenses and earnings before interest and tax (Singh and Faircloth, 2015). Earnings per share are directly related to earnings before interest and tax of the reporting period as it can be analyzed in present case of Facebook Inc and Linked In. In this case, Facebook is having EPS of ($ 1.29) because its EBIT is in negative also i.e. ($ 150,942,000). On the other hand, EPS of Linked In is $ 1.31 and its EBIT is $ 6,225,000,000. This shows that EPS of companies is directly related to its EBIT. References Salama, F., Putnam, K. (2015). Accounting conservatism, capital structure, and global diversification. Pacific Accounting Review, 27(1), 119. Singh, M., Faircloth, S. (2015). The impact of corporate debt on long term investment and firm performance. Applied Economics, 37(8), 875-883.

Susan Glaspell’s Trifles and Jury of Her Peers Essay Example

Susan Glaspell’s Trifles and Jury of Her Peers Essay The role of women has for long interested numerous talented authors. The development of our society was marked by changes in social attitudes towards women, and their place in the society. Speaking about women in literature, we often turn our heads towards Kate Chopin, forgetting about other prominent writers. Susan Glaspell was not recognized as a feminist author until the end of the 1970s. Her works are interesting in terms of a woman’s position in the then society against the position women currently hold. It will be interesting to re-consider the role of women in Glaspell’s works Trifles and Jury of Her Peers.The time during which Susan Glaspell was creating her works was known for having strict boundaries between private and public lives of people. However, this time has also become the start of erasing these boundaries.â€Å"No longer relegated to the home, but not yet accepted in the marketplace, women were caught in a position of liminality, pinned between the traditional female and male world by the expectations of both.† (Shafer 92)Susan Glaspell’s brilliant works have become the source of profound research of how law and justice were opposed to the gender differences. They have become the symbols of the female ethos, and of the gradual transformation of the relationships between women – from cold distance to concealing the evidence of the crime. While it is possible to admit that Glaspell’s stories were the evidence of the brilliant gender story, they are better be called â€Å"feminist†, because Glaspell’s stories do not depict women and men neutrally; the author emphasizes the socially inferior (but in reality, superior) position of a woman during that time.While the two works obviously relate to the same plot and are the two descriptions of the one case, the murder of John Wright by his wife, they supplement each other and make different emphases on the one and the same case. Speaking the nam e of the story symbolizes the negligence men displayed towards women. What men traditionally considered being trifles (the fact that preserves would be gone due to the very cold weather during the night), was very meaningful and important for women. This lack of understanding between the two genders risked being turned into a real conflict. In case with Minnie Wright and her husband the conflict had far reaching consequences. As for Jury of Her Peers, the emphasis in this story is also noticed in its title: the two women (virtually, Minnie’s juries) have become the expressions of the women’s search for fairness (Makowsky 24). This fairness was also lacking in the then women-men relationships, and women were often treated as mere housewives, without any regard to them as humans. The small dead bird with its head twisted was the biggest proof that men lacked hearts, warmth and understanding of their women. A small bird which had been a live creature became the victim of John Wright’s anger, as one may suggest reading both works. As a result, Minnie’s soul could not take those tortures any longer.The position of the woman in the society as depicted by Glaspell is the revelation for the reader: it is the clear picture of how emotional and empathic essence of a woman is different from the morality and theoretical principles, to which men keep (Smith 174). The redefinition of the crime, which Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale performed in the process of their small investigation, rested more in the morality of concealing the facts of the crime to save Minnie, than in morality to reveal the truth.From the viewpoint of the woman’s position in the society at that time, the following suggestions can be drawn. The place of a woman at that time was no more significant than that of the housewife, who had to make her everyday chores without demanding anything in return. â€Å"There is a great deal of work to be done on a farm† (Glaspell). T his work was mainly performed by women, while men were working outside. Men had their working day finished at the same hour everyday, and women had to work as long as they were awake (Smith 175). Nevertheless, they were still viewed as the weaker sex, who could not think clearly and could not care about anything else, except for â€Å"trifles†. Glaspell’s aim was to oppose women to men, and the mere fact that the two wives managed to resolve the crime, while their husbands kept looking for the evident truth without any progress, is very symbolic. â€Å"Bound by the rigid stereotypes and the inability to step into Minnie’s shoes to solve the crime, the men who are supposed to be primary investigators in the case, miss all of the clues and are unknowingly outwitted by their wives† (Alkalay-Gut 3). Glaspell has created significant tension between the men and the women in the story, by making women open to what men have remained blind.Is the position of the c ontemporary woman is different from that in the discussed stories? Both â€Å"yes† and â€Å"no†. Surely, women in our society possess unlimited freedoms and equal rights in pursuing their goals. Moreover, their goals are no more limited by household chores, as in the case with Minnie Foster. It should be noted, that Glaspell took a real life case to create the plot of the two works; this is why both Trifles and Jury of Her Peers were more than realistic; they were real (Angel 95). In Glaspell’s stories, the kitchen was described and referred to as the only domain, in which Mrs. Wright existed. She could not allow doing anything beyond her household chores. Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters could easily determine Mrs. Wright’s way of thinking, because they were in the same situation. Consequentially, the three women represented a typical picture of a woman during the time, when the stories were being written. â€Å"In the case with Trifles, the details of life, that accumulation of insignificant trivia, reveal the basic framework of the familial relationship and ultimately explain the cause of this family violence that led to the murder† (Angel 95). Not only was the fact of being tied to kitchen the representation of the women’s position in society. The fact of being isolated from the rest of the world greatly contributed into the fact of murder. What we see now seems to represent the perfect social surrounding in which women can do anything they want, without being limited to traditional female roles. It is difficult to disagree, that we witness the growing number of female scientists, actors, singers, public figures, and even presidents. Simultaneously, we also witness the growing number of cases, when women are mistreated and when the rights of women are neglected, either openly or secretly.We live in the society, which despite the frequent declaration of the rights’ equality, cannot totally break the existing prejud ices and clichà ©s about women. The major difference between the women’s position today and the position of women in Glaspell’s society is that people at that time did not strive to break the boundaries of the female world, and to expand the role of women beyond their households. What we currently witness is actually a partially successful fight of women for their deserved place in the civil society. Glaspell was capable of attracting the readers’ attention towards the gender inequality between men and women during 1900’s. However, the fact that her stories and their hidden meanings were discovered only by the end of the 1970s, tells much (Makowsky 39). It means that until that time the world did not notice or did not want to notice the limitations women were facing on their way towards personal development.â€Å"It’s all perfectly clear, except for the reason for doing it. But you know juries when it comes to women. If there was some definite th ing – something to show. Something to make a story about. A thing that would connect up with this clumsy way of doing it† (Glaspell).Female inferiority is viewed even in this short passage. The juries, who tend to turn criminal cases which involve women into scandals or shows; the inability of a man to find hidden motives of the female crimes, when these motives are in the way men treated women; the â€Å"clumsy† evaluation of the murder itself – all these remarks contribute into the overall picture of how women were judged.There is another visual difference between the positions women took in the stories. What Glaspell has depicted was the solidarity and unity of several women in grief or in trouble. They treated each other with understanding, though they also realized they were committing a crime. Their understanding was first revealed in the way the two women were investigating the kitchen: it was real investigation worth of professional detectives (Sha fer 103). Where the men saw only a mess of things, the women saw the profound implications and were searching the reasons of why Mrs. Wright had left all her work unfinished. When the woman was so responsible for everything in her house, there had to be solid reasons to make her leave everything as it was.We are provided with the latest technical achievements, which help us in our everyday lives, and which will finish everything for us in case we have to leave. We possess more favorable social position, and we try to argue and to defend our position in society. We do not accept being inferior and are capable of legally proving our equality. Women at 1900’s could not afford such luxury. â€Å"Women were degraded, because they were not given the credit of accomplishment of a harvest, but it was always seen as the man does everything† (Alkalay-Gut 8).Can we hope at fair decision for a woman in crime? The modern legal system has all prerequisites to make this true. Glaspel l has created a picture of the situation in which the law was inapplicable to the case of Mrs. Wright. All characters of both stories understood that in case Minnie’s guilt was proved, she would not escape severe punishment. Thus, the society at that time was torn between the concept of justice represented by law, and the concept of â€Å"kitchen justice†, of which the juries were Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale. The fair trial which is possible in our world is impossible in the world described in Trifles and Jury of Her Peers. Glaspell has depicted the dramatic distance between the laws of kitchen and the laws of the outside world, which would not leave any chance for Minnie. If Minnie lived in our time she would possibly have more chances to be justified and to be understood.The question is whether the moral dilemma which Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale faced would be resolved in the same manner if both lived in our society. They â€Å"dispense justice by circumventing the law and are clearly secure about the correctness of their actions, realizing the superiority of their secretiveness† (Angel 96). It becomes clear that while women were less protected by law, they had higher level of solidarity between each other; our society cannot boast having the same features. Our solidarity is replaced by competitiveness, and while our women strive for holding better position, they lose the intrapersonal ties, which women earlier possessed.   Even if the two women risked concealing some facts about the crime, our modern investigational technologies and the legal obligations to be open with justice would totally neutralize these efforts with possibly negative legal consequences for all of them (Angel 96).Glaspell was speaking not only of the female isolation, but the power of the woman’s powerlessness. The author was trying to attract our attention to the need of legally addressing the discussed issues in women’s existence. What do we have now? The issues have been and are being addressed, but only legally, and not morally. We keep speaking about morale, but we constantly experience considerable difficulties in limiting law from morale, or trying to combine them. The women in Glaspell’s stories could not wait until laws would be created to protect them. They decided that they had to take their rights and to exercise them for their benefit. They have actually depicted the start of the process, in which women would gain enough powers to prove their righteousness. Glaspell had created the writing, in which women were displayed through the prism of male vision – â€Å"through the masculine percepts and confirms of the male value system, authenticating the power of the public sphere by the perceived need to replicate it† (Alkalay-Gut 8). Simultaneously, the invisibility assigned to women by the societal norms at that time has led to the irreversible effects on justice, about which men did not have any idea. The two stories by Susan Glaspell – Trifles and Jury of Her Peers carry profound messages as for the real and the possible role of the woman in the society. The author was successful in showing the inferiority, which was assigned to women at that time, while in reality men did not realize the power of women. It is interesting and useful to compare gender roles in Glaspell’s stories and in our society. There are significant differences, but there are also meaningful similarities. The differences are mainly caused by the improved legal framework, which has addressed the issues in Glaspell’s stories but which has not resolved all of them. We still face the conjunction of the legal equality and our conscience, which rejects this equality, and the possibility of women being equal to men.ConclusionThe isolation in Glaspell’s stories was not overcome, but has changed its character. While Glaspell’s women were isolated from the rest of the world, and were limited in their kitchen space, contemporary women hardly know what means solidarity. They are isolated from each other. The situation which was described by Glaspell will never take place in our society because the position of the woman has changed: she has acquired new rights and can now fight for her equality. The problem is that in cases when moral should serve the basic evaluation criteria, women do not have any space to step away from the law. Glaspell has depicted the woman in her social inferiority, but she has also shown the possibility of real human relations between several women. What we have now is the total power of law, on which we rely in difficult situations, but women need some human support, which they lack at present. The conflict remains unchanged, though it has acquired some tint of justice in it. It is difficult to expect that the discussed dilemma will be resolved in the nearest time.

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buy custom The Problem of the Health Care essay According to many scholars, there exists a thin difference between health care and social determinants of health. Social determinants of health are broadly defined as the economic and social factors, which define peoples health conditions. That is, they are taken as the societal and not individual risk factors that determine the level of risk of disease in an individual. On the other hand, health care is primarily done by health care practitioners in areas of medicine. It is the primary function of conducting diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease in an individual and community as a whole. There exist important difference between health care approach for promoting community health and social determinants approach. To begin with, social determinants are responsible for the human living conditions as well as his environment. Such environment entails human health system as well. Importantly, these human living conditions are heavily dependent on financial wealth, power and all kinds of resources at the global down to the local level. This, therefore, means that human health is dependent on the three variables of money, power and resources. Consequently, social determinants can either serve to promote human health or destroy it, and as such, these determinants are responsible for health disparities or inequities amongst various people. Social determinants approaches, therefore, are those concepts, principles and strategies aimed at rducing and eliminating health disparities in the world. Included in the approach are education, housing, employment, access to health care and justice among others. On the other hand, health care approach for improving community health is embedded in the Primary Health Care approach of Alma Ata Declaration. In its holistic sense, it refers to a comprehensive set of principles and concepts that addresses health issues for all people irrespective of race, geographical region, urban or rural, gender and economic status. Importantly, the major goal for this particular approach is to achieve universal health for all people. This goal is anchored on various principles that include: equity, which ensures health care that is available to all people without any form of bias; community involvement that employs the use of local resources and personnel; health workforce, which seeks to ensure that there is sufficient personnel to handle health matters; emphasis on the use of appropriate technology that is both affordable, acceptable and accessible to the recipient community; multi-sectional involvement whose major goal is to incorporate a wide range of sect ors, this is based on the realization that achieving health for all cannot be left for the formal health sector alone. Therefore, the difference between the approaches is that, social determinants approaches only seek to address the health disparities and inequities that can be avoided in order to achhieve health for all people. On the other hand, health care approach, which basically is embedded on primary health care is the actualization and tackling of health problems by providing health care services to all people. This difference leads to socialization of people about health. In essence, this takes various forms, which include: education, where people are socialized on health issues through learning and training; employment, which avails the necessary capital and finance for accessing health services; justice, which eliminates all forms of discrimination in providing health service. Regarding social, education and economic policies being health policy, this is important. This arises out of the inevitable fact that health for all cannot be achieved without them or in isolation of the three. Inventions in the field of medicine such as drugs, medical technologies are only possible, when a country invests in education and research, this in turn affects health. On the same note, economic policies that create wealth for a country are crucial in determining health of a nation. This is because the health sector has been commercialized making economic policies really instrumental in determining who gets health services. Some of the ways to improve community health that addresses social determinants are investing in a countrys educational system and placing emphasis on research and establishing of better health insurance policies that cover the people. Buy custom The Problem of the Health Care essay